diff --git a/compiler/CLAUDE.md b/compiler/CLAUDE.md
index 460df2df55..0fade42b2b 100644
--- a/compiler/CLAUDE.md
+++ b/compiler/CLAUDE.md
@@ -35,6 +35,20 @@ yarn snap -p <file-basename> -d
 yarn snap -u
 ```
 
+## Linting
+
+```bash
+# Run lint on the compiler source
+yarn workspace babel-plugin-react-compiler lint
+```
+
+## Formatting
+
+```bash
+# Run prettier on all files (from the react root directory, not compiler/)
+yarn prettier-all
+```
+
 ## Compiling Arbitrary Files
 
 Use `yarn snap compile` to compile any file (not just fixtures) with the React Compiler:
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/Validation/ValidateNoRefAccessInRender.ts b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/Validation/ValidateNoRefAccessInRender.ts
index c49c51024b..7da5642054 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/Validation/ValidateNoRefAccessInRender.ts
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/Validation/ValidateNoRefAccessInRender.ts
@@ -487,24 +487,26 @@ function validateNoRefAccessInRenderImpl(
              */
             if (!didError) {
               const isRefLValue = isUseRefType(instr.lvalue.identifier);
-              for (const operand of eachInstructionValueOperand(instr.value)) {
-                /**
-                 * By default we check that function call operands are not refs,
-                 * ref values, or functions that can access refs.
-                 */
-                if (
-                  isRefLValue ||
-                  (hookKind != null &&
-                    hookKind !== 'useState' &&
-                    hookKind !== 'useReducer')
-                ) {
+              if (
+                isRefLValue ||
+                (hookKind != null &&
+                  hookKind !== 'useState' &&
+                  hookKind !== 'useReducer')
+              ) {
+                for (const operand of eachInstructionValueOperand(
+                  instr.value,
+                )) {
                   /**
                    * Allow passing refs or ref-accessing functions when:
                    * 1. lvalue is a ref (mergeRefs pattern: `mergeRefs(ref1, ref2)`)
                    * 2. calling hooks (independently validated for ref safety)
                    */
                   validateNoDirectRefValueAccess(errors, operand, env);
-                } else if (interpolatedAsJsx.has(instr.lvalue.identifier.id)) {
+                }
+              } else if (interpolatedAsJsx.has(instr.lvalue.identifier.id)) {
+                for (const operand of eachInstructionValueOperand(
+                  instr.value,
+                )) {
                   /**
                    * Special case: the lvalue is passed as a jsx child
                    *
@@ -513,7 +515,98 @@ function validateNoRefAccessInRenderImpl(
                    * render function which attempts to obey the rules.
                    */
                   validateNoRefValueAccess(errors, env, operand);
-                } else {
+                }
+              } else if (hookKind == null && instr.effects != null) {
+                /**
+                 * For non-hook functions with known aliasing effects, use the
+                 * effects to determine what validation to apply for each place.
+                 * Track visited id:kind pairs to avoid duplicate errors.
+                 */
+                const visitedEffects: Set<string> = new Set();
+                for (const effect of instr.effects) {
+                  let place: Place | null = null;
+                  let validation: 'ref-passed' | 'direct-ref' | 'none' = 'none';
+                  switch (effect.kind) {
+                    case 'Freeze': {
+                      place = effect.value;
+                      validation = 'direct-ref';
+                      break;
+                    }
+                    case 'Mutate':
+                    case 'MutateTransitive':
+                    case 'MutateConditionally':
+                    case 'MutateTransitiveConditionally': {
+                      place = effect.value;
+                      validation = 'ref-passed';
+                      break;
+                    }
+                    case 'Render': {
+                      place = effect.place;
+                      validation = 'ref-passed';
+                      break;
+                    }
+                    case 'Capture':
+                    case 'Alias':
+                    case 'MaybeAlias':
+                    case 'Assign':
+                    case 'CreateFrom': {
+                      place = effect.from;
+                      validation = 'ref-passed';
+                      break;
+                    }
+                    case 'ImmutableCapture': {
+                      /**
+                       * ImmutableCapture can come from two sources:
+                       * 1. A known signature that explicitly freezes the operand
+                       *    (e.g. PanResponder.create) — safe, the function doesn't
+                       *    call callbacks during render.
+                       * 2. Downgraded defaults when the operand is already frozen
+                       *    (e.g. foo(propRef)) — the function is unknown and may
+                       *    access the ref.
+                       *
+                       * We distinguish these by checking whether the same operand
+                       * also has a Freeze effect on this instruction, which only
+                       * comes from known signatures.
+                       */
+                      place = effect.from;
+                      const isFrozen = instr.effects.some(
+                        e =>
+                          e.kind === 'Freeze' &&
+                          e.value.identifier.id === effect.from.identifier.id,
+                      );
+                      validation = isFrozen ? 'direct-ref' : 'ref-passed';
+                      break;
+                    }
+                    case 'Create':
+                    case 'CreateFunction':
+                    case 'Apply':
+                    case 'Impure':
+                    case 'MutateFrozen':
+                    case 'MutateGlobal': {
+                      break;
+                    }
+                  }
+                  if (place !== null && validation !== 'none') {
+                    const key = `${place.identifier.id}:${validation}`;
+                    if (!visitedEffects.has(key)) {
+                      visitedEffects.add(key);
+                      if (validation === 'direct-ref') {
+                        validateNoDirectRefValueAccess(errors, place, env);
+                      } else {
+                        validateNoRefPassedToFunction(
+                          errors,
+                          env,
+                          place,
+                          place.loc,
+                        );
+                      }
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              } else {
+                for (const operand of eachInstructionValueOperand(
+                  instr.value,
+                )) {
                   validateNoRefPassedToFunction(
                     errors,
                     env,
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/error.validate-mutate-ref-arg-in-render.expect.md b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/error.validate-mutate-ref-arg-in-render.expect.md
index 1d5a4a2284..47e9fedd37 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/error.validate-mutate-ref-arg-in-render.expect.md
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/error.validate-mutate-ref-arg-in-render.expect.md
@@ -3,8 +3,10 @@
 
 ```javascript
 // @validateRefAccessDuringRender:true
+import {mutate} from 'shared-runtime';
+
 function Foo(props, ref) {
-  console.log(ref.current);
+  mutate(ref.current);
   return <div>{props.bar}</div>;
 }
 
@@ -26,14 +28,14 @@ Error: Cannot access refs during render
 
 React refs are values that are not needed for rendering. Refs should only be accessed outside of render, such as in event handlers or effects. Accessing a ref value (the `current` property) during render can cause your component not to update as expected (https://react.dev/reference/react/useRef).
 
-error.validate-mutate-ref-arg-in-render.ts:3:14
-  1 | // @validateRefAccessDuringRender:true
-  2 | function Foo(props, ref) {
-> 3 |   console.log(ref.current);
-    |               ^^^^^^^^^^^ Passing a ref to a function may read its value during render
-  4 |   return <div>{props.bar}</div>;
-  5 | }
-  6 |
+error.validate-mutate-ref-arg-in-render.ts:5:9
+  3 |
+  4 | function Foo(props, ref) {
+> 5 |   mutate(ref.current);
+    |          ^^^^^^^^^^^ Passing a ref to a function may read its value during render
+  6 |   return <div>{props.bar}</div>;
+  7 | }
+  8 |
 ```
           
       
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/error.validate-mutate-ref-arg-in-render.js b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/error.validate-mutate-ref-arg-in-render.js
index 10218fc616..8e75ec2107 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/error.validate-mutate-ref-arg-in-render.js
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/error.validate-mutate-ref-arg-in-render.js
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 // @validateRefAccessDuringRender:true
+import {mutate} from 'shared-runtime';
+
 function Foo(props, ref) {
-  console.log(ref.current);
+  mutate(ref.current);
   return <div>{props.bar}</div>;
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/panresponder-ref-in-callback.expect.md b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/panresponder-ref-in-callback.expect.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..92831f0659
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/panresponder-ref-in-callback.expect.md
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+
+## Input
+
+```javascript
+// @flow
+import {PanResponder, Stringify} from 'shared-runtime';
+
+export default component Playground() {
+  const onDragEndRef = useRef(() => {});
+  useEffect(() => {
+    onDragEndRef.current = () => {
+      console.log('drag ended');
+    };
+  });
+  const panResponder = useMemo(
+    () =>
+      PanResponder.create({
+        onPanResponderTerminate: () => {
+          onDragEndRef.current();
+        },
+      }),
+    []
+  );
+  return <Stringify responder={panResponder} />;
+}
+
+```
+
+## Code
+
+```javascript
+import { c as _c } from "react/compiler-runtime";
+import { PanResponder, Stringify } from "shared-runtime";
+
+export default function Playground() {
+  const $ = _c(3);
+  const onDragEndRef = useRef(_temp);
+  let t0;
+  if ($[0] === Symbol.for("react.memo_cache_sentinel")) {
+    t0 = () => {
+      onDragEndRef.current = _temp2;
+    };
+    $[0] = t0;
+  } else {
+    t0 = $[0];
+  }
+  useEffect(t0);
+  let t1;
+  if ($[1] === Symbol.for("react.memo_cache_sentinel")) {
+    t1 = PanResponder.create({
+      onPanResponderTerminate: () => {
+        onDragEndRef.current();
+      },
+    });
+    $[1] = t1;
+  } else {
+    t1 = $[1];
+  }
+  const panResponder = t1;
+  let t2;
+  if ($[2] === Symbol.for("react.memo_cache_sentinel")) {
+    t2 = <Stringify responder={panResponder} />;
+    $[2] = t2;
+  } else {
+    t2 = $[2];
+  }
+  return t2;
+}
+function _temp2() {
+  console.log("drag ended");
+}
+function _temp() {}
+
+```
+      
+### Eval output
+(kind: exception) Fixture not implemented
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/panresponder-ref-in-callback.js b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/panresponder-ref-in-callback.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..93614bfeec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/panresponder-ref-in-callback.js
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// @flow
+import {PanResponder, Stringify} from 'shared-runtime';
+
+export default component Playground() {
+  const onDragEndRef = useRef(() => {});
+  useEffect(() => {
+    onDragEndRef.current = () => {
+      console.log('drag ended');
+    };
+  });
+  const panResponder = useMemo(
+    () =>
+      PanResponder.create({
+        onPanResponderTerminate: () => {
+          onDragEndRef.current();
+        },
+      }),
+    []
+  );
+  return <Stringify responder={panResponder} />;
+}
diff --git a/compiler/packages/snap/src/sprout/shared-runtime-type-provider.ts b/compiler/packages/snap/src/sprout/shared-runtime-type-provider.ts
index b01a204e78..229ee45b0d 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/snap/src/sprout/shared-runtime-type-provider.ts
+++ b/compiler/packages/snap/src/sprout/shared-runtime-type-provider.ts
@@ -196,6 +196,44 @@ export function makeSharedRuntimeTypeProvider({
               ],
             },
           },
+          PanResponder: {
+            kind: 'object',
+            properties: {
+              create: {
+                kind: 'function',
+                positionalParams: [EffectEnum.Freeze],
+                restParam: null,
+                calleeEffect: EffectEnum.Read,
+                returnType: {kind: 'type', name: 'Any'},
+                returnValueKind: ValueKindEnum.Frozen,
+                aliasing: {
+                  receiver: '@receiver',
+                  params: ['@config'],
+                  rest: null,
+                  returns: '@returns',
+                  temporaries: [],
+                  effects: [
+                    {
+                      kind: 'Freeze',
+                      value: '@config',
+                      reason: ValueReasonEnum.KnownReturnSignature,
+                    },
+                    {
+                      kind: 'Create',
+                      into: '@returns',
+                      value: ValueKindEnum.Frozen,
+                      reason: ValueReasonEnum.KnownReturnSignature,
+                    },
+                    {
+                      kind: 'ImmutableCapture',
+                      from: '@config',
+                      into: '@returns',
+                    },
+                  ],
+                },
+              },
+            },
+          },
         },
       };
     } else if (moduleName === 'ReactCompilerKnownIncompatibleTest') {
diff --git a/compiler/packages/snap/src/sprout/shared-runtime.ts b/compiler/packages/snap/src/sprout/shared-runtime.ts
index f37ca82709..2a2265d709 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/snap/src/sprout/shared-runtime.ts
+++ b/compiler/packages/snap/src/sprout/shared-runtime.ts
@@ -421,4 +421,10 @@ export function typedMutate(x: any, v: any = null): void {
   x.property = v;
 }
 
+export const PanResponder = {
+  create(obj: any): any {
+    return obj;
+  },
+};
+
 export default typedLog;